The accurate determination of oxygen concentration as a critical quality
parameter for oxygen-sensitive products is important across the product
life cycle activities. Traditional methods for determining headspace oxygen
levels in parenteral containers, such as electrochemical methods or gas
chromatography, are slow and destructive. The analysis is both time and
resource intensive and these conventional techniques are difficult to
implement at- or in-line for immediate feedback about the filling process.
This article describes several case studies comparing non-destructive
Laser-based Oxygen Headspace analysis with Electrochemical Oxygen
analysis and Gas Chromatography.